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<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:base="https://chameth.com/">
    <title>Chameth.com - posts like debugging-beyond-the-debugger, how-i-use-tailscale, simple-backups-restic-hetzner, why-you-should-be-using-https but not migrating-from-github-to-forgejo, tailscale-docker-gotcha</title>
    <subtitle>Personal homepage of Chris Smith</subtitle>
    <link href="https://chameth.com/feeds/posts/like/debugging-beyond-the-debugger,how-i-use-tailscale,simple-backups-restic-hetzner,why-you-should-be-using-https/unlike/migrating-from-github-to-forgejo,tailscale-docker-gotcha/" rel="self"/>
    <link href="https://chameth.com/"/>
    <icon>https://chameth.com/favicon.png</icon>
    <updated>2025-12-07T00:00:00Z</updated>
    <id>https://chameth.com/</id>
    <author>
        <name>Chris Smith</name>
    </author>
    <entry>
        <title>Exposing game servers over Tailscale</title>
        <link href="https://chameth.com/exposing-game-servers-over-tailscale/"/>
        <updated>2025-12-07T00:00:00Z</updated>
        <id>https://chameth.com/exposing-game-servers-over-tailscale/</id>
        <content xml:lang="en" type="html">&lt;p&gt;I’ve recently been playing a lot of &lt;a href=&#34;https://factorio.com/&#34;&gt;Factorio&lt;/a&gt; with a friend. I’ve been
hosting, but my desktop computer is behind far too many layers of NAT, and I can’t be bothered
dealing with setting up port forwards. Up until today we made do with Steam’s networking support,
which in our case ended up relaying the connection via one of their servers. This is amazing as
a free, no-hassle service, but the performance was so-so. We’d get random lag spikes, or the
initial map download would crawl along at about 1/100th of the speed we should be able to get.
We’re both fans of &lt;a href=&#34;https://tailscale.com/&#34;&gt;Tailscale&lt;/a&gt; though, so maybe there’s an easy solution
there?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tailscale even have an article on &lt;a href=&#34;https://tailscale.com/blog/factorio-multiplayer-video&#34;&gt;sharing a Factorio server&lt;/a&gt;
but it’s a ten minute long video&lt;sup id=&#34;fnref:1&#34;&gt;&lt;a class=&#34;footnote-ref&#34; href=&#34;#fn:1&#34; role=&#34;doc-noteref&#34;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, and focused on setting up an actual dedicated server in Docker
rather than just clicking the convenient “Host” button in the game client. What we did instead was:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;I shared my desktop’s Tailscale node with my friend, by creating a sharing link in the &lt;a href=&#34;https://login.tailscale.com/admin/machines&#34;&gt;Admin console&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;My friend accepted the link, and could then see my machine in their admin panel&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;I used &lt;code&gt;tailscale lock&lt;/code&gt; to sign my friend’s desktop’s node key, as I have &lt;a href=&#34;https://tailscale.com/kb/1226/tailnet-lock&#34;&gt;tailnet lock&lt;/a&gt; enabled&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;I added a grant to my tailnet’s ACL to permit access from my friend to the specific IP/port on my tailnet:&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;pre class=&#34;chroma-chroma&#34;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-line&#34;&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-cl&#34;&gt;		&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-p&#34;&gt;{&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-line&#34;&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-cl&#34;&gt;			&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-nt&#34;&gt;&amp;#34;src&amp;#34;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-p&#34;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;chroma-p&#34;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-s2&#34;&gt;&amp;#34;friend@example.com&amp;#34;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-p&#34;&gt;],&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-line&#34;&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-cl&#34;&gt;			&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-nt&#34;&gt;&amp;#34;dst&amp;#34;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-p&#34;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;chroma-p&#34;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-s2&#34;&gt;&amp;#34;100.0.0.42&amp;#34;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-p&#34;&gt;,&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&#34;chroma-s2&#34;&gt;&amp;#34;fd7a::42&amp;#34;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-p&#34;&gt;],&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-line&#34;&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-cl&#34;&gt;			&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-nt&#34;&gt;&amp;#34;ip&amp;#34;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-p&#34;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span class=&#34;chroma-p&#34;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-s2&#34;&gt;&amp;#34;udp:34197&amp;#34;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-p&#34;&gt;],&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-line&#34;&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-cl&#34;&gt;		&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-p&#34;&gt;}&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;p&gt;After this, my friend could connect to Factorio by entering the Tailscale IP address, or the Tailscale hostname (as they use &lt;a href=&#34;https://tailscale.com/kb/1081/magicdns&#34;&gt;MagicDNS&lt;/a&gt;).
Running &lt;code&gt;tailscale status&lt;/code&gt; shows that Tailscale managed to establish a direct connection despite the many layers of NAT involved,
and the performance improvements were significant and immediate.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We did a bit of testing, and confirmed that no other services on my machine are accessible. And sharing a machine by default
only allows it to accept incoming connections, so I can’t get unwanted access to anything on my friend’s Tailnet, either.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I’ve &lt;a href=&#34;https://chameth.com/how-i-use-tailscale/&#34;&gt;written before&lt;/a&gt; about all the different ways I use Tailscale; this is yet
another new way it’s solved a problem for me.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&#34;footnotes&#34; role=&#34;doc-endnotes&#34;&gt;
&lt;hr/&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li id=&#34;fn:1&#34;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I’m not a fan of video tutorials at the best of times, but especially not when I want to do something as quickly as possible so I can get back to &lt;del&gt;my addiction&lt;/del&gt; growing the factory. &lt;a class=&#34;footnote-backref&#34; href=&#34;#fnref:1&#34; role=&#34;doc-backlink&#34;&gt;↩︎&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content>
    </entry>
    <entry>
        <title>Securing all the things with 1Password</title>
        <link href="https://chameth.com/securing-all-the-things-with-1password/"/>
        <updated>2025-11-26T00:00:00Z</updated>
        <id>https://chameth.com/securing-all-the-things-with-1password/</id>
        <content xml:lang="en" type="html">&lt;p&gt;For many years I’ve been a keen user of &lt;a href=&#34;https://bitwarden.com/&#34;&gt;Bitwarden&lt;/a&gt;. Recently I’ve had a lot of small paper-cut problems. The browser extension was redesigned and just doesn’t quite work how I expect any more. The prompt to save new login info misfired more than it worked. The mobile app stopped background refreshing properly. No one issue was enough to make me want to leave Bitwarden, but it definitely wasn’t sparking joy. Then there were rumblings about a price increase. I don’t think they’ve announced anything, but the numbers I saw were a jump from $10/year to $24/year. A nearly 2.5x price increase for a tool that was actively getting worse over time did not seem like a good deal to me&lt;sup id=&#34;fnref:1&#34;&gt;&lt;a class=&#34;footnote-ref&#34; href=&#34;#fn:1&#34; role=&#34;doc-noteref&#34;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I spent a while looking at alternatives, but there were very few that met my needs. &lt;a href=&#34;https://nordpass.com/&#34;&gt;Nordpass&lt;/a&gt; is highly praised but doesn’t support saving TOTP codes on personal plans&lt;sup id=&#34;fnref:2&#34;&gt;&lt;a class=&#34;footnote-ref&#34; href=&#34;#fn:2&#34; role=&#34;doc-noteref&#34;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;. All the nice open-source/self-hosted solutions fall down when you want reliable synchronisation to an iOS device (which is fair enough). &lt;a href=&#34;https://proton.me/pass&#34;&gt;Proton Pass&lt;/a&gt; looked like it had all the features, but the pricing was asinine. Different pages showed different prices, the prices were introductory rates that jumped up on renewal, but that was hidden away in small print, etc. Yuck. The prices are also pretty high. More or less the same as &lt;a href=&#34;https://1password.com/&#34;&gt;1Password&lt;/a&gt;, which I’d been discounting due to the cost, until now…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;After eliminating basically every other option, I took a serious look at 1Password. It seemed to tick all the right boxes, I’d often heard good things about it, and it wouldn’t actually be much more expensive than Bitwarden if they went ahead with the rumoured price increase. I started a trial to give it a test.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&#34;initial-impressions&#34;&gt;Initial impressions&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;1Password is — as you’d expect for something that originated as a Mac app — very pretty. But it’s also highly functional. The looks don’t get in the way, they’re nice extras on top. When it’s locked, you get a large version of the 1Password logo, which is a front-on view of the barrel of a lock, next to the password input. When you authenticate, the barrel turns as though you’d put a key in and rotated it, and then the background splits in two and opens like a vault door. Does a password manager need to do that? No. Does it make me a little bit happy every time I see it? Yes. Look at it, it’s amazing!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#34;video full&#34;&gt;
  &lt;video src=&#34;https://chameth.com/securing-all-the-things-with-1password/1password-vault-opening.webm&#34; alt=&#34;Video of the 1Password app, showing the lock screen. As the password is submitted, the key barrel rotates, and the background parts like a vault opening.&#34; controls=&#34;&#34;&gt;&lt;/video&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The design philosophy carries through the rest of the app. Despite using Bitwarden daily, I often clicked on the wrong thing when I wanted to do anything other than autofill; in about a month of using 1Password I don’t think I’ve ever misclicked or been confused about the UI. The browser extension just &lt;em&gt;feels&lt;/em&gt; snappier than Bitwarden, too. I’m not sure if it’s actually faster or if the design just makes it feel that way.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Functionality-wise, 1Password does everything Bitwarden did for me but slightly better. Bitwarden kicked you to its web interface for some operations (like checking compromised passwords); 1Password has that all built into the app. Instead of editing entries in a fiddly little browser popup, 1Password just summons forth the desktop app and you edit it there. It does a good job of detecting QR codes for TOTPs and offering to save them. I think the only small complaint I have is that the browser extension doesn’t have an autofill keybind. You can rig that up via the desktop app, but it feels like 1Password leans towards you using the UI it adds on login forms. To be fair, that UI works really well, and is very useful when you have multiple accounts on a site. My muscle memory for autofilling is strong, though.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&#34;diving-deeper&#34;&gt;Diving deeper&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;At this point I’d decided to switch fully to 1Password, so I started digging into what else it could do. The “Watchtower” feature combines a bunch of reporting about passwords (weak, breached, reused, and so on), but also lists sites where 1Password knows you can use passkeys or 2FA and don’t have them set up. I’d previously disabled passkey support in Bitwarden because it just appeared one day and got in the way of me trying to use a YubiKey, but decided to give them a go with 1Password. “Passkeys” is basically just a marketing term for FIDO2’s WebAuthn with automatic discovery bolted on top. The big problem is how you synchronise or export them. It’s all well and good letting your iPhone create a passkey when the Amazon app arbitrarily prompts it to, but what happens when you log in on a different device, or swap to Android, or whatever? Having 1Password deal with them fixes that&lt;sup id=&#34;fnref:3&#34;&gt;&lt;a class=&#34;footnote-ref&#34; href=&#34;#fn:3&#34; role=&#34;doc-noteref&#34;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The passkey flow is very smooth: 1Password pops up an account selector, with obvious options to create a new account or pass the request through to another device like a YubiKey. It’s smart enough to guess the right account most times, even when you’ve got 17 different Google accounts for &lt;code&gt;$reasons&lt;/code&gt;. Using them is equally simple: it just shows a popup and you tap to confirm you want to use the passkey. The Watchtower functionality made it really easy to go through and add passkeys everywhere that supports them. The thing I really appreciate is that they make the data that powers it &lt;a href=&#34;https://passkeys.directory/&#34;&gt;public&lt;/a&gt;. It’s obviously partially a marketing thing for them, but it’s also a useful resource they could have kept proprietary.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Passkeys are a bit basic, though. 1Password has many more fun offerings. There’s an entire developer section with various goodies. At first I thought “that’s nice but I won’t use it”, but now I’m using basically everything it offers. The first thing to draw me in was the CLI. It’s pretty straightforward, but like the browser extensions it can nicely integrate with the desktop app so you unlock them all at once, deal with auth prompts in the GUI, and so forth. I have a couple of command-line tools that need passwords (e.g. for dealing with encrypted backups); now instead of prompting for the passwords, they shell out to &lt;code&gt;op read&lt;/code&gt; and I authorise it via a popup in the 1Password app. Simple, but a nice quality of life improvement.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Next up there’s a beta feature called “Environments”. This lets you define groups of environment variables within 1Password, and have them exported automatically to certain destinations. At the minute it supports exporting to the AWS SecretsManager, and local &lt;code&gt;.env&lt;/code&gt; files. When making a local file it actually makes a named pipe, so the credentials aren’t just sitting on disk (and won’t end up accidentally committed to anything). When the 1Password vault is locked, anything trying to read from the file will cause an authentication popup, much like with the CLI tool. I used to have the mentality that if something could read arbitrary files on disk, it was basically “game over” from a security point of view. &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/shai-hulud-malware-infects-500-npm-packages-leaks-secrets-on-github/&#34;&gt;Recent events&lt;/a&gt; made me realise there’s some value in defence-in-depth there, though, and 1Password provides a nice solution.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&#34;fingerprints--linux--sadness&#34;&gt;Fingerprints + Linux = Sadness&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;One feature of 1Password had me feeling a bit left out. Instead of entering your vault password to unlock it every time, you can have it invoke the system authentication library. On an iPhone this uses Face ID, on a Mac it can invoke Touch ID, and on Linux it uses Polkit. In the default configuration, Polkit just asks for your local user password, which is not much of an improvement. A fingerprint scanner seemed like the obvious solution here: it’s both a lot more convenient than typing a long password, and provides some assurance that it’s actually me doing the action&lt;sup id=&#34;fnref:4&#34;&gt;&lt;a class=&#34;footnote-ref&#34; href=&#34;#fn:4&#34; role=&#34;doc-noteref&#34;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;. Unfortunately, fingerprint readers on Linux seem to be a bit of a sorry affair.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Don’t get me wrong: there’s support. &lt;code&gt;libfprint&lt;/code&gt; has &lt;a href=&#34;https://fprint.freedesktop.org/supported-devices.html&#34;&gt;a big list of supported devices&lt;/a&gt;, but I found it almost impossible to actually find a device I could buy that had one of the listed sensors. Most of them seem to be exclusively built into laptops. A lot of the cheaper devices just use whatever sensor they can get their hands on, so it’s pot luck if you receive a version that will work with &lt;code&gt;libfprint&lt;/code&gt; or one that won’t. There’s also not a lot of information beyond that published by &lt;code&gt;libfprint&lt;/code&gt;. I guess it makes sense: external fingerprint readers just aren’t a thing most people care about. While that makes me feel all special, it’s somewhat prohibitive to getting an actual working solution.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I’d given up on finding an answer to this when I stumbled upon &lt;a href=&#34;https://scottstuff.net/posts/2025/07/04/passwordless-ssh-and-sudo-with-1password/&#34;&gt;an article by Scott Laird&lt;/a&gt;. He uses a &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.yubico.com/products/yubikey-bio-series/&#34;&gt;YubiKey Bio&lt;/a&gt; to do it, via &lt;code&gt;pam_u2f&lt;/code&gt;. The Bio isn’t actually a fingerprint reader: it just has an on-board reader to secure the credentials. The OS doesn’t get involved in the process. But because it can provide a fingerprint-secured U2F key, and &lt;code&gt;pam_u2f&lt;/code&gt; can require that key to perform system operations, you basically get the same result. Maybe it’s actually even better than using a “real” fingerprint reader, as the data is secured on the hardware device…&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The YubiKey Bio was a bit more pricey than I really wanted, coming in at around £90, but it felt like a worthy investment to add a bit of security and avoid typing a password dozens of times a day. The setup was simple: the official app that you use to enrol fingerprints is packaged in the Arch User Repository, and it worked perfectly. I already had &lt;code&gt;pam_u2f&lt;/code&gt; set up as I used a (non-Bio) YubiKey to gate access to &lt;code&gt;sudo&lt;/code&gt;, so I just generated a new key on the Bio, updated my config to use that, and added it to the Polkit policy. Now when I need to unlock 1Password or authenticate something, it prompts me to scan my fingerprint. Perfect!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;aside class=&#34;update raised-box&#34;&gt;
  &lt;h5 class=&#34;plain-header&#34;&gt;Update 2026-01-14:&lt;/h5&gt;
  &lt;p&gt;I used the YubiKey Bio for about a month, but I found it was a bit too rough for something I used so frequently. It would occasionally fail to read my fingerprints, and there’s no way to retry because of the massive indirection of polkit + pam + u2f. Even worse, it would sometimes fail enough times in a row that it’d lock itself, and have to be unlocked by opening the software. The Bio would be fine for securing something you used once or twice a day, but it’s not really a good alternative for a fingerprint reader you want to use on every git commit, SSH connection, desktop unlock, etc. It’s not a failure of the product, more of the usecase I tried to wrench it into.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/aside&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&#34;biometric-all-the-things-o&#34;&gt;Biometric all the things \o/&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;One of the other things Scott mentioned in that article was SSH keys. I’d seen 1Password supports acting as an SSH agent, but didn’t really see why I’d want it to. I used a resident key on my old YubiKey, so I didn’t have much to gain from a security point of view. Scott’s article made me realise I could have some big convenience gains, though. Currently every time I need to use the key, I enter a PIN and then physically touch it. I don’t mind this for the most part, but it turns out &lt;code&gt;git-lfs&lt;/code&gt; does something like four different requests every time you do a git operation, none of which reuse the same SSH connection for some reason. That gets painful when each request involves a PIN and a touch. I also liked the idea of using &lt;code&gt;pam_rssh&lt;/code&gt; for &lt;code&gt;sudo&lt;/code&gt; authentication, but didn’t want to have to do the PIN-and-touch dance every time I used it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;You can probably see where this is going: I generated an SSH key in 1Password, and then… spent literal hours disabling all the other SSH agents that were running on my system, and trying to figure out where &lt;code&gt;SSH_AUTH_SOCK&lt;/code&gt; was being populated. I didn’t manage to figure that out in the end&lt;sup id=&#34;fnref:5&#34;&gt;&lt;a class=&#34;footnote-ref&#34; href=&#34;#fn:5&#34; role=&#34;doc-noteref&#34;&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, and ended up just overriding it to point at 1Password’s agent socket. I added the new key to GitHub, and did the usual &lt;code&gt;ssh git@github.com&lt;/code&gt; test, and it worked perfectly. 1Password prompts to allow access to the key, showing the process requesting access, and authorising it requires a fingerprint read:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#34;image center&#34;&gt;
  &lt;picture&gt;
      &lt;source srcset=&#34;https://chameth.com/securing-all-the-things-with-1password/1password-access.webp&#34; type=&#34;image/webp&#34;/&gt;
      &lt;source srcset=&#34;https://chameth.com/securing-all-the-things-with-1password/1password-access.avif&#34; type=&#34;image/avif&#34;/&gt;
      &lt;img src=&#34;https://chameth.com/securing-all-the-things-with-1password/1password-access.png&#34; alt=&#34;1Password dialog showing Kitty requesting access to the &amp;#34;Git&amp;#34; SSH key. There are &amp;#34;Deny&amp;#34; and &amp;#34;Authorise&amp;#34; buttons at the bottom; the authorise button has a fingerprint icon on it.&#34; loading=&#34;lazy&#34; width=&#34;412&#34; height=&#34;381&#34;/&gt;
  &lt;/picture&gt;
  &lt;figcaption&gt;&lt;p&gt;can haz ssh key?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I’m not sure why Kitty doesn’t get an icon in the prompt; other applications do. You can expand the details section to see the key fingerprint being requested, as well as the exact process name and PID requesting the key. With the proof of concept done, I generated a couple more keys: one for normal SSH, and one for gaining root access using &lt;code&gt;pam_rssh&lt;/code&gt;. Using different keys ensures I get prompted for them separately, and means a malicious app couldn’t sneakily ask for a Git key but actually pivot to SSH into a server. Not sure that’s ever likely to be a problem, but it’s basically no additional work for a bit more defence-in-depth, so why not?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I also took a moment to configure &lt;code&gt;pam_u2f&lt;/code&gt; for both &lt;code&gt;lightdm&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;xfce4-screensaver&lt;/code&gt;, so I can now log in and unlock my PC with my fingerprint. It’s not quite as smooth as Touch ID on a Mac, but it’s pretty close.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&#34;footnotes&#34; role=&#34;doc-endnotes&#34;&gt;
&lt;hr/&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li id=&#34;fn:1&#34;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As an aside: this is not the first time I’ve been in this situation. Both Spotify and Todoist have focused on features I don’t want or need (including, but not limited to, pretty much everything branded “AI”), and then hiked the price up afterwards. It’s not quite standard enshittification, but it’s clear that our incentives no longer align properly. &lt;a class=&#34;footnote-backref&#34; href=&#34;#fnref:1&#34; role=&#34;doc-backlink&#34;&gt;↩︎&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&#34;fn:2&#34;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Or didn’t, at the time I looked. It now says “All plans” on the website but the docs only exist for business accounts, and there doesn’t seem to be any announcement explaining the change. &lt;a class=&#34;footnote-backref&#34; href=&#34;#fnref:2&#34; role=&#34;doc-backlink&#34;&gt;↩︎&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&#34;fn:3&#34;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Having Bitwarden deal with them would also have fixed that, but it got in my way instead of helping me, so… &lt;a class=&#34;footnote-backref&#34; href=&#34;#fnref:3&#34; role=&#34;doc-backlink&#34;&gt;↩︎&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&#34;fn:4&#34;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;or it’s not me, but I’ll be busy dealing with the presumably-undesired removal of one of my digits, so probably won’t care about whatever is happening on the computer. &lt;a class=&#34;footnote-backref&#34; href=&#34;#fnref:4&#34; role=&#34;doc-backlink&#34;&gt;↩︎&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&#34;fn:5&#34;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Although I’m pretty sure the answer starts and ends with “systemd, somehow”. &lt;a class=&#34;footnote-backref&#34; href=&#34;#fnref:5&#34; role=&#34;doc-backlink&#34;&gt;↩︎&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content>
    </entry>
    <entry>
        <title>Thinking more about backups</title>
        <link href="https://chameth.com/thinking-more-about-backups/"/>
        <updated>2025-11-01T00:00:00Z</updated>
        <id>https://chameth.com/thinking-more-about-backups/</id>
        <content xml:lang="en" type="html">&lt;figure class=&#34;image right&#34;&gt;
  &lt;picture&gt;
      &lt;source srcset=&#34;https://chameth.com/thinking-more-about-backups/backblaze.webp&#34; type=&#34;image/webp&#34;/&gt;
      &lt;source srcset=&#34;https://chameth.com/thinking-more-about-backups/backblaze.avif&#34; type=&#34;image/avif&#34;/&gt;
      &lt;img src=&#34;https://chameth.com/thinking-more-about-backups/backblaze.png&#34; alt=&#34;The Backblaze logo: a stylised flame above the word Backblaze&#34; loading=&#34;lazy&#34; width=&#34;500&#34; height=&#34;320&#34;/&gt;
  &lt;/picture&gt;
  &lt;figcaption&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Backblaze logo&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Almost a year ago I wrote about &lt;a href=&#34;https://chameth.com/simple-backups-restic-hetzner/&#34;&gt;how I do backups with Restic and Hetzner&lt;/a&gt;.
That system has been ticking along well ever since, but recently I had some… thoughts. These backups are
all well and good if I accidentally delete a file, or a database gets corrupted, or something, but there are
two glaring issues:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Firstly, I’m backing up my Hetzner server to Hetzner cloud storage. If something happens to Hetzner — or
my Hetzner account — then all my eggs go down with that basket. Obviously Hetzner are a big organisation
and aren’t likely to just vanish overnight, but I’m less confident about my account. Could a false abuse
report get it suspended? What if the UK passes
&lt;a href=&#34;https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2023/50/contents&#34;&gt;even more dumb laws&lt;/a&gt; and Hetzner decide it’s easier
just to not do business with people here? This is the same sort of concern I have about Google accounts:
if you have half of your life in Google Drive and Google Mail, what happens if you comment on a YouTube
video, get flagged by an AI moderation process, and your account gets suspended? It’s probably not very
likely, but these are things my brain likes to dwell on.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Secondly, the credentials to access the backups sit on each machine that is backed up. If someone malicious
gained access to the machine, they’d also have access to delete or tamper with all the backups. It feels
a little silly that the same attack could take down both the originals and the backups. There’s no way to
avoid that with Hetzner’s S3 implementation, as far as I can tell.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&#34;exploring-options&#34;&gt;Exploring options&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I toyed with the idea of making local copies of the backups, but the only way to avoid the same problems
would be to keep them offline and do a manual copy every now and then. I didn’t really want to do that,
and was concerned that if I did a monthly offline backup then I stood to lose up to a month of data in
the worst case.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I then looked around at other S3 providers. &lt;a href=&#34;https://aws.amazon.com/s3/storage-classes/glacier/&#34;&gt;Amazon’s glacier offering&lt;/a&gt;
is tempting due to its very low storage costs, but you pay for that if you ever want to restore anything.
There are also lots of weird pricing edge cases around moving data between storage classes, minimum file
sizes, and so on. A much better option is &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.backblaze.com/cloud-storage&#34;&gt;Backblaze’s B2&lt;/a&gt; product.
Their pricing is much more straight-forward, and they have an interesting feature that’s particularly useful
in this case: &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.backblaze.com/blog/backblaze-b2-lifecycle-rules/&#34;&gt;lifecycle rules&lt;/a&gt;. Coupled with
the ability to create API keys that don’t have access to delete files (just “hide” them), this allows for
what’s effectively an append-only store.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This works more-or-less out of the box with Restic. &lt;a href=&#34;https://pricey.uk/blog/restic-backups-without-delete/&#34;&gt;Joseph Price has a guide&lt;/a&gt;
that goes into the setup in a bit more depth. Basically, whenever Restic would delete a file (e.g. during
a “forget” or “prune” operation), it instead gets hidden and is only deleted when the B2 lifecycle rules
decide it should be. I’ve kept the existing Hetzner S3 backups for now, and just added an extra step to
the end of my script: a simple &lt;code&gt;restic copy&lt;/code&gt; and a &lt;code&gt;restic forget&lt;/code&gt;. B2 actually works out cheaper than the
Hetzner storage, as they don’t bill you for a minimum of 1TB storage; my current usage is around $3/month.
Not a bad price for some extra peace of mind!&lt;/p&gt;
</content>
    </entry>
    <entry>
        <title>Avoiding the Consequences of Dumb Laws with Tailscale</title>
        <link href="https://chameth.com/avoiding-the-consequences-of-dumb-laws-with-tailscale/"/>
        <updated>2025-09-30T00:00:00Z</updated>
        <id>https://chameth.com/avoiding-the-consequences-of-dumb-laws-with-tailscale/</id>
        <content xml:lang="en" type="html">&lt;p&gt;More and more sites are implementing privacy-invading age checks or just
completely blocking the UK thanks to the &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2023/50/contents&#34;&gt;Online Safety Act&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Protecting kids from &lt;em&gt;some&lt;/em&gt; content online is certainly a noble goal, but
the asinine guidance from Ofcom, threats of absolutely disproportionate fines,
and the stupidly broad categories of content have resulted in companies just
giving up or going through a tick-box exercise that offers very little
protection but lots of inconvenience and a complete invasion of privacy.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Instead of uploading my ID to some third party company, I’ve taken to proxying
my traffic through to a country that doesn’t have such stupid laws. Thankfully,
Tailscale makes this really easy. I’ve discussed &lt;a href=&#34;https://chameth.com/how-i-use-tailscale/&#34;&gt;how I use Tailscale&lt;/a&gt;
before, but not really covered &lt;em&gt;app connectors&lt;/em&gt;. I find Tailscale’s description
of these pretty confusing, but they basically amount to automatic, DNS-based
subnet routing configurations (or, to put it another way, a per-website exit
node). You can safely ignore all references to ‘SaaS apps’ in their docs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I create a custom app connector, and give it the domains to be included:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#34;image full&#34;&gt;
  &lt;picture&gt;
      &lt;source srcset=&#34;https://chameth.com/avoiding-the-consequences-of-dumb-laws-with-tailscale/apps.avif&#34; type=&#34;image/avif&#34;/&gt;
      &lt;source srcset=&#34;https://chameth.com/avoiding-the-consequences-of-dumb-laws-with-tailscale/apps.webp&#34; type=&#34;image/webp&#34;/&gt;
      &lt;img src=&#34;https://chameth.com/avoiding-the-consequences-of-dumb-laws-with-tailscale/apps.png&#34; alt=&#34;Screenshot of the app section in the Tailscale admin console. It shows a table with two entries: &amp;#39;reddit&amp;#39; and &amp;#39;bluesky&amp;#39;. Each entry has a list of domain names like &amp;#39;*.reddit.com, *.reddit.it&amp;#39;.&#34; loading=&#34;lazy&#34; width=&#34;1151&#34; height=&#34;397&#34;/&gt;
  &lt;/picture&gt;
  &lt;figcaption&gt;&lt;p&gt;App configuration in the Tailscale admin console&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Tailscale then magically resolves those domains, and has the ‘connector’
advertise routes for them. Any client that accepts routes will start sending
requests to the connector, which passes them onto the Internet at large. Any
other traffic is left alone, unlike when you use an exit node.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The special bit here is how you can specify wildcard domains. Tailscale proxies
the DNS requests from clients (so it can inject responses for nodes on your
tailnet), which means it can dynamically update the routes as you resolve new
domains. I tried to set this up more manually, and quickly came unstuck: despite
using the same DNS servers, my server and my desktop would get different responses
for the same query as it varied by geography. Trying to get the full set of
IPs (and keeping them updated) would have been a nightmare. Tailscale expanding
the wildcards nicely sidesteps all of that.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;At first I was just proxying the traffic to one of my servers, but just today
I added a new connector for Imgur and found I was still blocked, just for
different reasons. They not only block my entire country but also a load
of known datacenter IP ranges. Hmph. I fixed this by hacking up a new side
project: &lt;a href=&#34;https://github.com/csmith/tsv&#34;&gt;tsv&lt;/a&gt;. It’s a simple Go app that accepts
traffic from the tailnet (advertising itself as both an app connector and an
exit node), and passes it on to another VPN.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There are lots of other ways you could accomplish this, but this makes it so
all my devices can still access services without any additional configuration.
As long as Tailscale is installed, the Internet will still work as it’s meant
to, without all the nonsense. If I come across a site that doesn’t work, adding
it is trivial: I just make a new app connector in Tailscale.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Obvious disclaimer: the laws in the UK are binding on the service providers,
not the end user. Doing this sort of thing in other countries might be illegal.
I don’t know; do your own research! Also all of this is a workaround
for something that should be fixed at a legislative level, but I’m not holding
my breath.&lt;/p&gt;
</content>
    </entry>
    <entry>
        <title>Further Adventures in Music Organisation</title>
        <link href="https://chameth.com/further-adventures-in-music-organisation/"/>
        <updated>2025-09-21T00:00:00Z</updated>
        <id>https://chameth.com/further-adventures-in-music-organisation/</id>
        <content xml:lang="en" type="html">&lt;p&gt;I wrote before about how I’d &lt;a href=&#34;https://chameth.com/escaping-spotify-the-hard-way/&#34;&gt;dropped Spotify in favour of locally stored music&lt;/a&gt;,
but things have advanced a bit since. I had a few issues: Tauon would
occasionally manage to lose its database and along with it all my carefully
constructed playlists and song ratings&lt;sup id=&#34;fnref:1&#34;&gt;&lt;a class=&#34;footnote-ref&#34; href=&#34;#fn:1&#34; role=&#34;doc-noteref&#34;&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, and the experience on my phone was
not very fun.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I had to manually sync the music by plugging my phone in to the
computer, and sometimes it just refused to mount the right partition. I don’t
think there’s really a good way to debug an Apple phone not behaving properly
when connected to a Linux desktop. Then I started wanting more than one playlist
synced&lt;sup id=&#34;fnref:2&#34;&gt;&lt;a class=&#34;footnote-ref&#34; href=&#34;#fn:2&#34; role=&#34;doc-noteref&#34;&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, and trying to find a way to make that work just broke me.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I spent a while looking at different ways of hosting the music centrally.
&lt;a href=&#34;https://www.plex.tv/en-gb/plexamp/&#34;&gt;Plexamp&lt;/a&gt; gets lots of good reviews, and
I’ve used Plex a fair bit. I set about spinning up a Plex server, and just
could not get it working. The server ran fine, served the web interface, but
would neither associate with my account nor run standalone. The docs were
contradictory and there was very little useful logging. After a lot of
frustration, I stumbled across mentions that
&lt;a href=&#34;https://lowendbox.com/blog/plex-blocks-hetzner-in-move-against-piracy/&#34;&gt;Plex block running on Hetzner&lt;/a&gt;.
I assume that’s the cause of my issues, although I have no way to know for sure.
I use Hetzner for all my servers and other hosted services, but Plex have
decided I can’t run the self-hosted software that I have a lifetime subscription
for there. What the actual fuck?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I could have probably worked around the arbitrary restriction, but I didn’t
want to throw more time down the drain. Instead, I set up
&lt;a href=&#34;https://www.navidrome.org/&#34;&gt;Navidrome&lt;/a&gt;, an open source music server. It
supports the Subsonic protocol, which means you can use a whole slew of
different clients with it (or even write your own). It also means there’s a
nice way to get data in and out of it programmatically, which I recall being
a bit of a fight with Plex.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;!--more--&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&#34;syncing-and-organising&#34;&gt;Syncing and organising&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;All my music lived on my desktop, but now I wanted it on my server. At first
I just used &lt;code&gt;rsync&lt;/code&gt; to copy everything up. I’d maintain a local “master” copy,
and periodically shove the changes to the server&lt;sup id=&#34;fnref:3&#34;&gt;&lt;a class=&#34;footnote-ref&#34; href=&#34;#fn:3&#34; role=&#34;doc-noteref&#34;&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;. That quickly got old,
so I set up &lt;a href=&#34;https://syncthing.net/&#34;&gt;Syncthing&lt;/a&gt; to keep the two folders in
sync. That worked… for a while.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Concurrently, I was looking at improving the organisation of my music. It
was mostly organised by some Go programs I’d thrown together to automate the
importing, with no real validation of metadata or anything else. Some albums
got split up into multiple folders because the tracks had different artists
(and didn’t have an album artist set); some artists ended up with multiple
folders with slight spelling or case variations. It was upsetting.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I’d used &lt;a href=&#34;https://picard.musicbrainz.org/&#34;&gt;MusicBrainz Picard&lt;/a&gt; before to fix
some issues, but I didn’t really like the UI, especially when trying to do
bulk actions. The main alternative is &lt;a href=&#34;https://beets.io/&#34;&gt;beets&lt;/a&gt;, which
describes itself as “the music geek’s media organiser”, and is entirely
command line. I was intrigued.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I started playing around with beets, and quickly noticed a problem. Every time
I changed a metadata tag in a music file, Syncthing had to upload the entire
file. I was frequently changing tags across the whole library as I got beets
set up how I wanted, and Syncthing was handling it by uploading gigabytes of
files for every minor change. I was already a bit unhappy with having the
content duplicated in two places, so now I was using a command line organiser
I figured I could just get rid of my local copy and move everything to the
server.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I set up a Docker container for beets, and then wrote some incredibly hacky
shell scripts so I could run &lt;code&gt;beet&lt;/code&gt; locally on my desktop and it would SSH
to the server over Tailscale and exec into the container, passing the arguments
along. Then I did one final sync of the music library, got rid of Syncthing,
double checked I had a backup and deleted all of my local music.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&#34;bears-beets-battlestar-galactica&#34;&gt;Bears, Beets, Battlestar Galactica&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Beets is amazing. It has a vast array of plugins that can do almost anything
you could want with a music library, and the command line workflow works really
well for me. It’s very well documented, and all the individual parts are
pleasingly simple and easy to understand.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Here’s what it looks like when importing some new music:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#34;image full&#34;&gt;
  &lt;picture&gt;
      &lt;source srcset=&#34;https://chameth.com/further-adventures-in-music-organisation/beets-importing.avif&#34; type=&#34;image/avif&#34;/&gt;
      &lt;source srcset=&#34;https://chameth.com/further-adventures-in-music-organisation/beets-importing.webp&#34; type=&#34;image/webp&#34;/&gt;
      &lt;img src=&#34;https://chameth.com/further-adventures-in-music-organisation/beets-importing.png&#34; alt=&#34;Screenshot of beets output when importing an album. It shows the source folder in blue, the matched metadata information in white with green highlights, the MusicBrainz URL, then a listing of all tracks&#34; loading=&#34;lazy&#34; width=&#34;782&#34; height=&#34;377&#34;/&gt;
  &lt;/picture&gt;
  &lt;figcaption&gt;&lt;p&gt;Beets importing an album&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If it doesn’t get a perfect match then it shows the closest matches, and
summarises what’s different about them (missing tracks, different names,
etc), and lets you decide what to do. Aside from the metadata matching, it’s
doing a lot of things under the hood that aren’t necessarily apparent. It:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Looks up the genre from Last.fm&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Analyses all the tracks and writes ReplayGain metadata to them&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Fetches album art&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Checks all the files to make sure they’re actually playable&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Scrubs any existing metadata tags&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It also maintains its own database, and you can query against it. The query
language is both simple and quite powerful, like the rest of beets. As an
example:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre class=&#34;chroma-chroma&#34;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-line&#34;&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-cl&#34;&gt;$ beet ls artist:&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-s2&#34;&gt;&amp;#34;Linkin Park&amp;#34;&lt;/span&gt; year:2025 length:2:00..2:30 
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-line&#34;&gt;&lt;span class=&#34;chroma-cl&#34;&gt;Linkin Park - From Zero - Casualty
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;p&gt;Almost all the other commands also let you use the query syntax, which makes
the whole tool really powerful. Want to delete all country tracks that you
added last month? No problem. Redownload all the album art for a certain
band? Easy. You can even do smart playlists using the filters.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&#34;actually-playing-music&#34;&gt;Actually playing music&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With all this organisation, I’ve not actually mentioned one tiny detail: how
I actually play music now. Navidrome has a web UI, which is perfectly usable,
but I don’t really want my web browser involved as it makes balancing sound
levels tricky, and getting media keys working is a pain. Thankfully there
are loads of Subsonic clients. I’ve tried several, but eventually settled on
&lt;a href=&#34;https://github.com/jeffvli/feishin&#34;&gt;Feishin&lt;/a&gt; on the desktop. It’s very pretty:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#34;image full&#34;&gt;
  &lt;picture&gt;
      &lt;source srcset=&#34;https://chameth.com/further-adventures-in-music-organisation/feishin.avif&#34; type=&#34;image/avif&#34;/&gt;
      &lt;source srcset=&#34;https://chameth.com/further-adventures-in-music-organisation/feishin.webp&#34; type=&#34;image/webp&#34;/&gt;
      &lt;img src=&#34;https://chameth.com/further-adventures-in-music-organisation/feishin.jpg&#34; alt=&#34;A screenshot of Feishin. On the left side of the screen is the album art (Love, Drugs &amp;amp; Misery by Eva Under Fire), with the track, album, artist, year and file format below it. On the right hand side is a tabbed panel, currently showing &amp;#39;Up Next&amp;#39; which shows a queue of music. At the bottom is a standard player interface with play/pause/skip/etc buttons.&#34; loading=&#34;lazy&#34; width=&#34;1723&#34; height=&#34;985&#34;/&gt;
  &lt;/picture&gt;
  &lt;figcaption&gt;&lt;p&gt;Feishin’s ’now playing’ screen&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;p&gt;What attracted me to it, though, was its built-in support for Navidrome’s smart
playlists. These aren’t even properly exposed in Navidrome’s web UI yet, but
Feishin has a visual editor that lets you create and edit them. I ended up with
an identical system to the playlists I had in Tauon: a “blacklist” playlist
which are tracks I never want to play, a “favourites” playlist, and then an
“everything” playlist which is the entire catalogue minus the blacklist.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On iOS I’ve settled on &lt;a href=&#34;https://www.reddit.com/r/arpeggiApp/&#34;&gt;Arpeggi&lt;/a&gt;. It’s
not actually on the App Store yet, but available via TestFlight. It’s one of
those really nicely polished apps that are obviously a labour of love, not just
out to do the minimum possible to get your money. It can cache songs offline,
and automatically download entire playlists, and supports all of the standard
Subsonic features like rating, reporting plays back to the server, and so on.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;One unexpected benefit of using a central server is that it handles reporting
plays to &lt;a href=&#34;https://last.fm/&#34;&gt;Last.fm&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&#34;https://listenbrainz.org/&#34;&gt;ListenBrainz&lt;/a&gt;
instead of the clients. I don’t think I’ve ever bothered to configure my mobile
clients to do that before, and now it just works automagically. I’m relying on
those services more for recommendations and discovery, as that’s something you
lose out on when self-hosting.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&#34;making-bad-decisions-about-bitrates&#34;&gt;Making bad decisions about bitrates&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With all the moving, copying, and organising, I started thinking about how
large the collection was. The songs were all in different formats, depending
on when and where I’d picked them up, and I couldn’t tell the difference
between them. I did a test and transcoded an MP3 file down to 128kbps, and
still couldn’t tell the difference. So armed with that sample size of 1, I
transcoded the entire library and saved &lt;em&gt;so much&lt;/em&gt; space.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I don’t remember which track I did that first test with, but it must have
been a very unlucky pick. I quickly started to notice the distortions caused
by the low bitrate. It was particularly bad in any song with a lot of treble,
and started to really annoy me. I started a painful process of reimporting
things in their original format. Beets came in clutch again, both with the
import process (if you import a duplicate album, it asks if you want to
replace the original, and shows the format and bitrate of them for comparison),
and keeping track of what was left to fix (&lt;code&gt;beet ls bitrate:..128000&lt;/code&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Having started paying more attention to the sound quality, I think I’ve been
nibbled on by the audiophile bug. I’ve been trying to get new music in FLAC
format where possible. I’m pretty sure I &lt;em&gt;can’t&lt;/em&gt; tell the difference between
a decent bitrate MP3 and a FLAC, but maybe if I got a better DAC and some nice
headphones…? Someone please hide my credit card!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As for the library taking up a lot of space, I now realise it’s a price worth
paying. I might need to swap out the server to one with more storage at some
point in the future, but it’s generally worth upgrading every few years with
rented dedicated servers anyway, as you often get more for the same amount of
money. Next upgrade I’ll just make sure there’s an appropriately-sized disk
instead of focusing entirely on RAM and CPU.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&#34;writing-more-code&#34;&gt;Writing more code&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Naturally, this whole process spawned several side projects. When browsing
albums in Navidrome, I was a bit upset that the album art wasn’t all a
consistent size. I thought about scripting something to crop them consistently,
but then I had a better idea, and &lt;a href=&#34;https://github.com/csmith/jewelcase&#34;&gt;jewelcase&lt;/a&gt;
was born. It takes the album art, crops it down to a consistent size, and then
renders it inside a jewel case. It applies some slight effects, like adjusting
the colours, rounding the corners, and tweaking the edges so it looks a bit more
real. I don’t know why&lt;sup id=&#34;fnref:4&#34;&gt;&lt;a class=&#34;footnote-ref&#34; href=&#34;#fn:4&#34; role=&#34;doc-noteref&#34;&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, but every time I see the effect it gives me a little
spark of joy.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;figure class=&#34;image full&#34;&gt;
  &lt;picture&gt;
      &lt;source srcset=&#34;https://chameth.com/further-adventures-in-music-organisation/jewelcase.avif&#34; type=&#34;image/avif&#34;/&gt;
      &lt;source srcset=&#34;https://chameth.com/further-adventures-in-music-organisation/jewelcase.webp&#34; type=&#34;image/webp&#34;/&gt;
      &lt;img src=&#34;https://chameth.com/further-adventures-in-music-organisation/jewelcase.jpg&#34; alt=&#34;A comparison screenshot. On the left are four albums, with their unaltered artwork. Some are different aspect ratios. On the right are the same four albums, but the art work is now consistently rendered as though its in a jewel case.&#34; loading=&#34;lazy&#34; width=&#34;1737&#34; height=&#34;702&#34;/&gt;
  &lt;/picture&gt;
  &lt;figcaption&gt;&lt;p&gt;Album art, before and after jewelcase is applied&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/figcaption&gt;
&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The other project is &lt;a href=&#34;https://github.com/csmith/bass&#34;&gt;BASS&lt;/a&gt;, a tool that uses
the Subsonic API to grab information about my music catalogue, and then
generates a “Daily Mix” playlist. It uses a system of weights to select tracks
semi-randomly, biasing towards favourite tracks, those that haven’t been played
much, and a few other criteria. This gives me a nice balance between having my
favourites on repeat, and exploring the full library at random.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;All the weights in BASS are customisable, so I can tweak it to my heart’s
desire, and anyone else can also run it and configure it entirely differently
to me if they want to. I can’t imagine I would’ve been able to do that if I were
using Plex!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&#34;footnotes&#34; role=&#34;doc-endnotes&#34;&gt;
&lt;hr/&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li id=&#34;fn:1&#34;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I was running a version from git as the stable release had fun dependency
issues on Arch, so it’s possible this wouldn’t be an issue in normal use. I also
started backing up the database, but it’s still annoying to have to restore it. &lt;a class=&#34;footnote-backref&#34; href=&#34;#fnref:1&#34; role=&#34;doc-backlink&#34;&gt;↩︎&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&#34;fn:2&#34;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A “favourites” playlist for me, and a more “family friendly” playlist
for when I’m playing music out loud that has a bit less screaming/swearing/etc. &lt;a class=&#34;footnote-backref&#34; href=&#34;#fnref:2&#34; role=&#34;doc-backlink&#34;&gt;↩︎&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&#34;fn:3&#34;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;One of the reasons for starting this was being annoyed by the periodic
sync to my phone, obviously it makes perfect sense to introduce a new, different
periodic sync. &lt;a class=&#34;footnote-backref&#34; href=&#34;#fnref:3&#34; role=&#34;doc-backlink&#34;&gt;↩︎&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&#34;fn:4&#34;&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nostalgia? A little bit of OCD? Both? &lt;a class=&#34;footnote-backref&#34; href=&#34;#fnref:4&#34; role=&#34;doc-backlink&#34;&gt;↩︎&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content>
    </entry>
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